FISH in spermatozoa
Assisted Reproduction:
FISH in spermatozoa: An accurate test for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities
At Instituto Malavé, as a clinic specialising in assisted reproduction, we are at the forefront in the application of genetic diagnosis technologies. In this sense, the FISH (Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation) technique in spermatozoa is essential for detecting chromosomal abnormalities that could affect embryonic viability and foetal development.
What is FISH in spermatozoa?
FISH in spermatozoa is a highly accurate cytogenetic technique that allows the genetic material of spermatozoa to be analysed for chromosomal alterations. Using specific fluorescent probes for each chromosome, the DNA of the spermatozoa is marked and observed under a fluorescent microscope. In this way, it is possible to identify abnormalities such as:
- Aneuploidies: Alterations in the number of chromosomes, such as trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome) or monosomy X (Turner's syndrome).
- Translocations: Changes in the structure of chromosomes, where a fragment becomes detached from one chromosome and attaches to another.
Why is it important to perform FISH on spermatozoa?
Performing FISH on spermatozoa provides valuable information for:
- Evaluate the genetic quality of the spermatozoa: This allows the identification of a percentage of sperm with chromosomal abnormalities, which may be associated with difficulties in conceiving, recurrent miscarriages or alterations in foetal development.
- Selecting healthy sperm for assisted reproduction techniques: For couples at risk of passing on chromosomal abnormalities to their offspring, FISH can help select sperm with intact DNA for techniques such as in vitro fertilisation with genetic selection (IVF-PGS) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
- Increase the chances of a successful pregnancy: By selecting sperm with healthy chromosomes, the risk of miscarriage is reduced and the chances of achieving a viable pregnancy and a healthy baby are optimised.
In which cases is FISH recommended for spermatozoa?
El FISH en espermatozoides se recomienda especialmente en los siguientes casos:
- Couples with a family history of chromosomal disorders.
- Couples with recurrent miscarriages.
- Men with alterations in semen analysis (spermiogram).
- Patients undergoing assisted reproduction techniques such as IVF or ICSI.
- Older women who wish to become pregnant.
How is FISH performed on spermatozoa?
FISH on spermatozoa is performed using a simple semen sample. The sample is processed in a specialised laboratory and prepared for hybridisation with fluorescent probes. It is then viewed under a fluorescent microscope and analysed for the number of sperm with chromosomal abnormalities. FISH results are usually available within 2-4 weeks.
